M1 Nuclear Energy

Lectures will be followed by working sessions (tutorials, TD), where students apply the concepts and computational technics introduced in the lectures to solve simple and more advanced problems.

The objective of this course is to provide a clear view of the principles of Thermodynamics and its applications relevant to physics and engineering. The aim for the students is to acquire a valuable understanding of the fundamental concepts of Thermodynamics (such as energy exchange, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy creation etc.) and a good knowledge of the calculation method associated.
The course content is divided into 4 main chapters:
1.1st and 2nd laws of Thermodynamics
System and process (terminology and definitions), state functions properties, basic notions of temperature, pressure, heat and work, 1st law and energy conservation, concept of irreversibility, 2nd law and entropy creation.
2.Differential formulation, calorimetric and thermo-elastic coefficients
How to use these to solve a problem of Thermodynamics, ideal gas model and real gases, Joule expansions.
3.Phase changes and phase diagrams of pure substances
Clausius-Clapeyron equation, reading and handling different diagrams [(P,T), (P,V), (T,S), Mollier].
4.Heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps
Operating principle, Raveau diagram, Carnot cycle, efficiency calculations, studying thermal cycles with chap. 3 diagrams, operating cycles (Otto, Diesel, Brayton, Rankine, Stirling).

Good knowledge of mathematics, derivatives, linear algebra and calculus.

-“Thermodynamics (Part II of « Chemical process principles »)”, O.A. Hougen, K.M. Watson, R. A. Ragatz, 2nd edition, Wiley and Sons Inc. -“Thermodynamics: an advanced course with problems and solutions”, R. Kubo, Wiley and Sons Inc. -“Résoudre un problème de Thermodynamique”, J. Bergua, P. Goulley, Bréal.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

The courses will be held at INSTN. Lectures are given by session of 1.5 hours and are completed with tutorial sessions in which students will exercises themselves to essential mathematical techniques for physics.

The aim of this course is to provide a set of mathematical notions and tools useful in the world of nuclear engineering. From vector analysis to the study of coupled differential equations systems, fundamental concepts will be studied and developed in tutorials.
1.Introduction to Group theory: Symmetry elements and operators, Group classification of molecules.
2.Vector & tensor analysis: algebra, vector differentiation and integration. Standard coordinates systems, Jacobian & operators. Tensor algebra: Summation convention, Kronecker & Levi-Civita symbol …
3.Matrix Algebra: Basics definitions and operations. Linear systems. Determinants and matrix inversion, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Hermitian matrices.
4.Infinite Series: Basic definitions, convergence, Power series, Taylor expansion, numerical approximation, Fourier Series & transforms.
5.ODE: First order linear Second order linear equation (problem of initial value or boundary conditions) with constant coefficients, Laplace transform (Bateman Eq.), Series solutions, Partial differential equations.
6.Statistic & probabilities: Probability calculations definitions and counting methods. Statistics: definition mean, variance. Statistical distributions. Data analysis: fit, error propagation, confidence level. Introduction to Monte-Carlo Techniques.

Basic calculus: integration, derivative, partial derivative. Basic trigonometry Complex Numbers: algebra, exponential form, polar representation.

“Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences”, Mary L. Boas, Wiley. “Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A concise introduction”, Tai L. Chow, Cambridge University Press. “Formules et Tables de Mathématiques” Murray R. Spiegel, Series Schaum (available on the web as a pdf).

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

All the classes will take place at the Ecole Polytechnique language lab.

This lecture intend to provide French class to foreign student or English class to French students.

None.

None.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

PALAISEAU

Bodineau, Jean-Christophe, Maître de Conférences INSTN, INSTN/CEA Lebois, Matthieu, Maître de Conférences, CNU 29, Université Paris-Sud Lounis, Abdenour, Maître de Conférences, CNU 29, Université Paris-Sud Vaubaillon, Sylvain, Chargé d'Enseignement INSTN, INSTN.

The lecture will be separated in courses and practical works. All the classes will be held at INSTN.

Objectives
The main objective of this teaching unit is to give to students a good but enough knowledge about radiation interaction and detection.
A particular focus is made on the main physical quantities used in this particular field of physics and the order of magnitude of these quantities in the most common situations.
To reach this general and particular goal, a lot of practical works are proposed to students. These practical works represent more than the half of the teaching time.

Content
Sources of radiation : energy spectra
Energy loss of radiation into matter : Charged Particles (Linear Energy Transfer, Range) Neutrons and Electromagnetic Radiation (scattering, absorption, cross section, mean free path, attenuation laws) radiation dose
Measurement Uncertainties, estimation and propagation. Focus on uncertainty on nuclear events counting.
Radiation detection process
Radiological background in measurements.
Different types of radiation detectors : gas filled, semi-conductor, scintillator (organic and inorganic), others.
Radiation detection electronic chain
General characteristics of detectors and associated electronics : efficiency, energy resolution, sensitivity to external parameters, dead time, …
Application of detectors in different fields : radioactivity measurements, radiation protection, nuclear imaging, ….

Good mastery of basics in physics and chemistry. Basic skills in mathematics and general science. level : Bachelor on science (French licence).

None.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Laurent Catoire, Enseignant Chercheur, ENSTA ParisTech David Dornbush, Comany manager Elise Provost, Enseignant Chercheur, ENSTA Paristech.

Objectives
The objectives of the course are to:
have acquired a global knowledge of the current and future situation of power generation, essentially focused on fossil and renewable sources;
possess an overview on current global market of oil and gas and its prospects for the future in the medium and long term;
have acquired good technological and economical notions on wind and solar farms for renewable energy production;
have acquired an advanced knowledge on the current and future generations of bio fuels, and the formation of atmospheric pollutants during their combustion;
be able to understand the challenges of energy efficiency in buildings and industry;
have acquired a knowledge of the main technologies of energy storage;
possess an insight into the future of low carbon power generation via the development of CO2 capture, sequestration and valorisation (CCS/V) technologies;
Content
Introduction to renewable energies - Cleantech - Legal aspects
Solar energy
Wind energy
Energy storage
Energy efficiency
CO2 capture sequestration and valorisation
CO2 capture technologies
Oil and Gas
Combustion for energy production.

None.

None.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Abdenour Lounis Abdenour.lounis@universite-paris-saclay.fr Université Paris-Sud.

The courses will be held at INSTN. Lectures are given by session of 1.5 hours and are completed with tutorial sessions in which students will exercises themselves to useful calculation in nuclear physics.

This course is an introduction to nuclear physics. The aim is to provide a general and common scientific background for any M1 student intending to pursue its study towards any option offered for the second year of the master.
They will be provided background information and skills in nuclear physics to understand the nuclear physics properties of the nucleus structure, their stability. The course structure is:
1-Discovery of the atomic nucleus: description of the historical. Introduction to all natural units and orders of magnitude.
2-Description of the nucleus: description of the size and the mass. Introduction of the nuclear binding energy, the liquid drop model, spontaneous nuclear processes,
3-Nuclear Modelling: introduction to the nuclear shell model. Calculation of total angular momentum and parities of nuclear states,
4-Nuclear Cross Sections: introduction of the notion of cross-sections, macroscopic cross sections, reaction rates, mean free path …
5-Kinematics: description of all the tools needed to make calculation of the classical kinematics of a two-body nuclear reaction,
6-Alpha, beta and gamma decays,
7-Radioactive decay law and activities.
8-Neutron Physics.

None.

Das & Ferbel, Introduction To Nuclear And Particle Physics ( World Scientific, 2003).

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

All courses and tutorials are provided by the coordinator of the teaching unit. No duplication of the student group is expected. The tutorials and in particular the "Cours-TD" are included in the lecture sessions (half-days divided into two 1h30 sessions) in order to assimilate directly and more concretely the concepts covered.

The general objectives of the lectures is to give a basic overview of neutron and reactor physics :
•Brief review of nuclear physics for reactor physics: mass defect, binding energy, fission (spontaneous/induced), neutron/matter interactions, definition of cross-sections, radiactivity (natural/artificial) and radioactive decays.
•Neutron induced fission and self-sustaining chain reaction: introduction of the concept of criticality, definition of the multiplication factor. Focus on thermal neutron reactors with the four factor formula.
•Neutron energy spectrum in reactors: fast and thermal neutrons, neutron thermalization.
•Introduction of the different reactor types: different possible combinations of coolant, moderator, fuel and neutron spectra.
•Definition and impacts of the feedback: temperature effects (Doppler and moderator), expansion effects. Explaining their importance for the reactor stability.
•Evolution of the neutron population: neutron kinetics, definition and importance of delayed neutrons, inhour equation.
•Fuel depletion: fission product poisoning (Xenon and Samarium effects), isotopic depletion, Bateman equations, definition of the burn-up to charaterize the fuel depletion.
•Fuel management: brief review of the different strategies (fuel reprocessing vs. storage).
•Reactor operation: presentation of the different reactor components and systems. Focus on pressurized water reactors (PWR). Importance of the residual power for the reactor safety.

Mathematics : resolution of differential equations Physics : basic nuclear and atomic physics (e.g. radioactive decays, notion of cross-sections) Chemistry : notion of stoichiometry.

Paul Reuss, Neutron Physics, Les Ulis, INSTN/EDPSciences, 2008. Neutronics, A Nuclear Energy Division Monograph, ouvrage collectif, Paris, Saclay, Les Éditions du Moniteur/CEA, 2015.

Novembre - Décembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

EVRY

From September to January at INSTN Course assessment will be made based on a midterm exam and a final exam.

Materials play a major role in reliability and sustainability of nuclear power plant. The aim of this course is to provide a knowledge base for students to understand how material is generated and what is the impact on its mechanical behavior. Relationships between microstructure, deformation mechanisms or failure and mechanical properties and behavior are highlighted here. The problem of structure dimensioning is also discussed. The aspects studied here are crystallography, phase diagrams, mechanical behavior (tension, creep, relaxation, Low cycle fatigue, High cycle fatigue, fatigue cracks growth rate) the origin of the damage (plasticity, initiation and crack propagation). The various points are processed separately in form of lectures and tutorials classes. The link between the different courses is highlighted at each end of the lesson.
At the end, student must be able to determine the mechanical properties of the materials, to describe and understand the physical phenomena leading to its failure, have a first approach to structural design.

Bases of Solid mechanic Notions of Chemistry.

Ashby and Jones: Engineering Materials Baralis & Maeder: Precis de métallurgie Cornet & Hlawka : Propriétés et comportement des matériaux Dowling: Mechanical Behaviour of Materials. Lemaitre & Chaboche: Mécanique des Matériaux solides Hertzberg: Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials Henaff & Morel: Fatigue des structures.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

A. Arzande M. Hennebel CentraleSupelec.

The lecture will take place at INSTN.

Knowledge on the behaviour of electrical motors used in a nuclear plant (with emphasis on the primary pumps motors) and on the coupling between the plant and the network used for the energy transmission between the production and the loads.
1) Fundamentals in electrical power systems: Basic element models. Formal calculation for sinusoidal steady state at fixed frequency. Boucherot theorem.Three phase systems.
2) Transformers:Principle, magnetic coupling, modelling. Application to single phase and three phase systems
3) Principles of AC Machines: Description and utilization of machines based on rotating magnetic fields.
3) Induction machines: Constitution, principles. Steady state model. Torque characteristics. Starting issues. Asynchronous machines utilization.
4) Synchronous machines: Alternator structure. Simplified model. Performances of the coupling to an infinite power transmission network. Reactive power production capacity.
5) Electrical energy transmission grid: Line characteristics. Modelling. Power flow on the line. Reactive power role. Maximum transmission capacity. Elements about the voltage plan collapse.
Power transmission network: Meshed network. Calculation issues.
Voltage control: Reactive power key role. Local aspect. Reactive power production methods. Plant constraints.
Frequency control: Local aspects. Distributed regulating devices. Control structure, primary control. Production of active power. Control constraints. Secondary control. Main failures.

Basics in magnetism and electricity ; principles of automatic control.

Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems Theodore Wildi Prentice-Hall Intl.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

The course content is divided in 7 chapters. Lectures will be followed by working sessions (tutorials, TD), where students apply the concepts and computational technics introduced in the lectures to solve simple exercises. Some more advanced materials (chap 8-10), beyond the scope of this course might also be briefly discussed.

This is an introductory course to non relativistic quantum physics. Basics concepts of quantum mechanics and some of its computational methods are then presented. Students should acquire basic understanding of the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics. They should also be able to solve the Shrödinger equation in simple cases to determine a system energy spectrum, or use it to predict system temporal evolution. They will also get familiar with the Dirac notation and formalism, involving operators and the Hilbert space of states. The course includes presentation of the spin and the discussion of the behaviour of spin ½ particles.
1- The birth of Quantum Mechanics : Black body law, hydrogen atom spectrum and Bohr model – Wave-particle duality
2- Special relativity: Lorentz transformation and photons
3- The wave function and Shrödinger equation – The momentum and Hamiltonian operators
4- Foundation of quantum mechanics: Hilbert spaces and linear operators, Dirac notation, Heisenberg uncertainty principle
5- One dimensional potentials: square wells and barriers, tunnel effect
6- Harmonic oscillator (HO): solving the Shrödinger equation for the HO potential through the analytic method and algebraic method – the ladder operators.
7- Spin and two level systems, Bosons and Fermions.
More advanced topics:
8- Angular Momentum in quantum mechanics
9- Central potential and hydrogen atom
10- Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equation.

Good knowledge of: • Classical mechanics (forces, kinetic and potential energy, classical particle motion, rotations…) • Oscillation and waves (harmonic oscillator wave propagation, interference, diffraction…) • Linear algebra and calculus • Basic knowledge of electromagnetism: electric and magnetic fields.

• Quantum Physics, Stephen Gasiorowicz, John Wiley& Sons, 2nd ed. • Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffiths, Prentice Hall • Quantum Mechanics, an introduction, Walter Greiner, Springer (3rd ed.).

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

All the lectures are given in a computer room. Some sessions are dedicated to the use of software, but even those consisting in classical lecture are illustrated by the application of the concept in calculations.

The different categories of reactions which take place in an aqueous solution are presented. Some of them (acido-basic, complexation, precipitation, redox) consist in a reminder, but new notions are also introduced (gaz solubility, adsorption and ion exchange, colloid chemistry, activity calculations).
Analytical reasoning allowing to put in an equation practical macroscopic variables which characterize an aqueous equilibrium are given, and the effects of secondary reactions on the primary reaction are shown. The use of scientific software to calculate the speciation are taught, with a focus on database management, limitations of the calculations, and analysis of the results.
Examples based on actinide chemistry, nuclear fuel cycle and waste management, cooling circuits of a PWR, environmental chemistry, toxicology are given. Scientific articles are used as a basis to introduces new concepts or to apply the notions previously explained during the lectures.

Oxidation state of a chemical element, complexation of a metallic cation, acido-basic reaction, solubility reaction, redox reaction, mass action law, Nernst Law.

K. F. Lim, « Negative pH does exist », Chem. Educ. Today 83, p1465 (2006) A.B. Kersting et al., “Migration of plutonium in ground water at the Nevada Test Site”, Nature 397, pp56-59 (1999).

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Lecture and tutorial will take place at INSTN. Practical works will be performed at CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud-CNRS, Buildings 104-108, 91405 Orsay Campus.

The program allows students to understand how water is broken down under ionizing radiation such as energetic photons and accelerated particles and which radicals are formed. The radiolytic yield of radicals as a function of time after energy deposition and as a function of the type of ionizing radiation are explained. In addition, the reactivity of some of these radicals as electron donors and acceptors is described. In practical work, the principles of chemical dosimetry are used to determine the dose in a 60Co source.
- Ionizing radiation matter interaction: photon and neutral and charged particles. Energy deposition, clusters, traces, TEL (5h)
- Radiolysis of water, radical and molecular yields TEL effect (5h)
- Radiolysis of aqueous solutions, influence of concentration, temperature , pressure, pH, chemical dosimetry TEL. In particular Fricke dosimeter and super- Fricke dosimeter and the Cerium (2h)
- Practical course: dosimetry of gamma source (Fricke dosimeter) (5h)
- Radiolysis other solvents (polar and nonpolar, ionic liquid, ...) (2h)
- Radiolysis and processes of the nuclear industry: Purex process , radiolysis under the conditions of the reactors ( 2h )
- Gas Radiolysis (1h)
- solid Radiolysis : induced disorder, curing, concrete.

Bachelor level in Chemistry or Chemical Physics.

Radiation chemistry : From basics to applications in material and life sciences Spotheim-Maurizot, M.; Douki, T.; Mostafavi, M.; Belloni, J.; pp. 300 pages, Spotheim-Maurizot, M.; Douki, T.; Mostafavi, M.; Belloni, J.; (Ed.), EDP Sciences (2008).

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre.

ORSAY - BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Lecture will be held at INSTN. Practical work will be performed at CSNSM with the JANNuS plateforme.

The course of Chemistry of Materials addresses inorganic materials from a structure versus property treatment, with a peculiar emphasis put on relevant materials for nuclear applications both during and after in-reactor operations. Nuclear materials encompass virtually all classes of materials that are used as structural materials.
The topic is tacked from the Chemist’s viewpoint. Lectures are organised in four main chapters:
1 – Solid state chemistry: Atomic bonding in solids, classification of solids: Arkel-Ketelaar triangle, Structure of crystalline solids, Structure of metals and alloys. substitution and interstitial solid solutions of non metals; intermetallic compounds; phase diagrams of binary systems: the iron-carbon system. Structure of ionic, iono-covalent and covalent ceramics. Other important structures. Energetics. The amorphous state. Application to nuclear materials.
2 – Defect and non-stoichiometry : Origin of defects(Kroger-Vink notation). Thermodynamics of point defects. Non-stoichiometric compounds
3 – Diffusion processes: kinetics; mechanisms. Diffusion at the atomic scale. Factors of influence; examples in metals and ceramics
4 – Irradiation: radiation-induced defects and radiation stability, Basic mechanisms of creation, number of dpa. Electronic excitation. Defects creation and recovery. Radiation stability of metals and ceramics. Use of the SRIM code.

Lab works: diffraction techniques; experimental simulation at the JANNuS facility.

Bachelor level in solid state chemistry, classical mechanics, electromagnetism.

Bradley D. Fahlman, Materials Chemistry, Springer (2011) Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Rudy Koenings (Editor), Elsevier (2012).

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

This course is an introduction to project management. It will provide the students with the essential milestones of project management.
1) Introduction : notion de projet, étapes projet
2) Project organisation: Identify project's actors and its organisation.
3) Team management
4) Project goals and project life cycle
5) Development cycles (cascade, V cycles, methods, ...)
6) Tasks planning : tasks notions, planning tools (Gantt, critical path, time-time diagram, ...)
7) Quality: quality approach, tools (SWOT analysis, PDCA, ...)
8) Costs controls (CBS, S curve, ...)
9) Risks identification
10 ) Opportunities management, risk management.
11) Strength evaluations
12) Management tools.
13) Management of the end of a project.

None.

None.

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Aurélien DEBELLE, Aurélien.debelle@universite-paris-saclay.fr, Université Paris Sud 11.

Students will have to join research teams to work and discover professional environment. Paris-Saclay (or partners) laboratory are the favored destinations. Internship in partner companies are not excluded.

Internship projects run for 10 weeks and can be done in scientific research laboratories (CNRS), in industrial research institutes or nuclear companies. Students are expected to carry out a project that focuses on realistic experimental issues; the aim being to gain a practical experience in applying the knowledge gained up to M1 level.
This is an opportunity offered to them to apply their academic background in solving a real experimental problem or improving a given technical method. The goal is to master different approaches from analysis and metrology to systematic error treatment and precise results communication. Internships are mandatory for all M1 students.
Among some areas of the internship session at M1 level, we can mention studies carried out in nuclear industries and national research laboratories like the French National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics. The national infrastructure hosts important instrumental facilities around active radiation sources, particle accelerator, nuclear reactors and nuclear medical facilities. The study of specific applications will offer a considerable amount of technical experience like for example validation work of some nuclear models used by software codes through confrontation with experimental data, apparatus calibration, noise reduction of nuclear readout chain or nuclear material analysis.

None.

None.

Avril - Mai - Juin.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

This course explores the theoretical and empirical perspectives on individual and industrial demand for energy, energy supply, energy markets, and public policies affecting energy markets. It discusses aspects of the oil, natural gas, electricity, and nuclear power sectors and examines energy tax, price regulation, deregulation and policies for controlling emission.

Content
The course is organized around 11 topics and chapters as follow:
1 Introduction and Background: Review of the Basics of Supply, Demand and Price Formation in Competitive Markets
2 Energy Demand: Short Run and Long Run Price and Income Elasticity’s
3 Energy Supply and the Economics of Depletable Resources
4 World Oil Markets and Energy Security
5 Natural Gas Price Regulation, Deregulation and Markets
6 Electricity
7 Energy and Climate Change
8 Internalizing Environmental Externalities with a Focus on CO2 Emissions Cap and Trade Mechanisms
9 Coal
10 Nuclear Power
11 Renewable Energy Policies analysis.

None.

Jean-Pierre Hansen, Jacques Percebois, Énergie, Économie et politiques de Boeck. MIT « The Future of the Electric Grid » An Interdisciplinary MIT study : http://mitei.mit.edu/publications/reports-studies/future-electric-gridhttp://mitei.mit.edu/publications/reports-studies/future-electric-grid MIT. "The Future of Coal: An Interdisciplinary MIT.

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Ivana Hrivnacova, ivana@ipno.in2p3.fr, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (CNRS/Paris-Saclay).

The classes will be given on the Orsay campus in a dedicated computer room.

This course includes several components to develop data processing applications in C++. Basics on Unix file systems, on the command line interface, on basic general programming are presented first. Specific attention is paid to pointers. An introduction to source version management leads to practical work. The important elements of the C++ standard library are presented: input-output, especially from files, data collections (especially vectors and lists) and their iterators. The progress made by C++11 is discussed in this context. The aspects of object-oriented programming are described in stages: modularity (data hiding) then inheritance (polymorphism), which gives rise to practical work on the use of classes and class hierarchies already developed. An example of a class hierarchy for graphical interfaces (Qt environment) is used.

A practice of text editors and file browsing systems in graphical interface mode is desirable. A practical command-line interface is a plus.

Nicolai M. Josuttis, « Object-Oriented Programming in C++ » Wiley, 2002 ISBN 0-470-84399-3.

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

ORSAY - BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Pascal Dievart pascal.dievart@ensta-paris.fr, ENSTA (IPP) Didier Dalmazzone didier.dalmazzone@ensta-paris.fr, ENSTA (IPP).

The course is divided into 10 sessions of 3 hours each consisting of a lesson and a case study. Parts 1, 2 and 3 are divided into 5, 2 and 3 sessions respectively.

This course is an introduction to chemical engineering and its methods, allowing the students to acquire knowledge that could be used in various applications: design of unit operations and ideal reactors, design and optimization of process flowsheets, process control. One of the main objectives is also to give the students the knowledge necessary to solve problems in connection with the fuel cycle. This justifies the choices made for the selection of unit operations and applications used to illustrate the various parts of the course.
Three major parts
1.Fundations of chemical engineering (i) Mass and energy balances (ii) Ideal reactor (CSTR, BSTR, PFR) Reactor analysis and design (iii) Purification unit operations: example of solvent extraction involved in the used fuel treatment process
2.Thermodynamics: (i) Calculation of chemical and phase equilibrium models based on excess enthalpy expressions or equations of state (ii) Thermodynamics of electrolyte solutions
3.Thermodynamics: i) Phase diagram and equilibrium of pure substances: chemical potential ii) thermodynamic models and equation of state iii) energy and entropy balances applied to thermodynamic cycles (Rankine) and energy storage.

None.

Chemical Reaction Engineering, O.Levenspiel, 1999 (3rd Ed.) Génie de la Réaction Chimique; J. Villermaux, 1993 (2nd Ed.) Chemical, Biochemical, and Engineering Thermodynamics, S. I. Sandler, 2016 (5th edition).

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Lectures will be held at INSTN.

Objectives
Fluid mechanics and heat transfer are central subjects in many technological applications. They intervene in energy conversion, oil exploration, ocean engineering, materials processing, propulsion, aeronautics and space, process engineering, biomechanics and biotechnologies, environment, meteorology, climate change, microfluidics... Recent developments have been substantial. A number of theoretical problems have been resolved, new experimental methods have provided unique data on many flow and heat transfer processes, novel simulation tools have allowed considerable insights in fundamental and more applied scientific or engineering problems. In this context, a basic understanding of fluid mechanics and heat transfer is essential to engineers and scientists. This course provides the fundamental elements allowing an operational understanding of central issues in this field.

Content
The focus is on physical understanding, training in problem solving and sharing our knowledge and passion for fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and their applications.
The course includes detailed presentations of essential aspects in combination with simple experiments, computer demonstrations... Problem solving workshops are organized after each lecture to train students in tackling real life engineering problems. The final exams consist in solving practical fluid mechanics and heat transfer problems.

Math and calculus (derivatives, integrals, solution to equations, some ordinary differential equations) Mechanics of particles: the original theory of motion (kinematics) and forces (dynamics) Basic thermodynamics: First and second principles.

Tsutomu Kambe. Elementary Fluid Mechanics. World Scientific, 2007. Pijush K. Kundu and Ira M. Cohen. Fluid Mechanics. Academic Press, 2nd edition, 2000. Bruce R. Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H. Okiishi, and Wade W. Huebsch. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 5th edition, 2009.

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

The practical sessions takes place at the Nuclear Physics Practical Work platform in building 100 of Orsay Campus. Students should be distributed in pairs. Each pair will be provided an experimental setup to study the particle emission in 207Bi radioactive decay. 2 sessions of 6 hours will be dedicated to measurement and data acquisition. In parallel, student will have to proceed to data analysis and calculation of physics observables. Then a six hours session is dedicated to discussion and understanding of the experimental work prior to the writing of their report. This course is distributed over three days in January.

This course is based on practical work for the student to learn essential technics of detection for nuclear measurements. This course is dedicated for the Physics & Engineering path. Its aim is to provide to student essential knowledge about nuclear experimental physics. An important part is also dedicated to error measurements and propagations.
It is performed in three steps:
- An introduction to gamma spectroscopy is given to learn about experimental measurements: scintillation detectors, detection process, analog/digital signal processing, spectral analysis. An special emphasis is made on how to behave and manipulate radioactive sources.
- A second measurement based on electron spectroscopy to calculate physics observables: spin/parities, excitation energy, branching ratios, atomic mass excesses ...
- A third step is dedicated to data analysis and the writing of a synthetic report to present results under the form of a scientific paper.

Basic Nuclear Physics knowledge (provided in the first semester) Interaction of particle in matter (provided in the first semester) Statistical analysis (provided in the first semester).

Radiation Detection and Measurement, Glenn F. Knoll(J. Wiley & Sons) Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments, W. R. Leo (Springer-Verlag).

Janvier.

ORSAY

Provide the required bases of the control theory, in particular the notions of linear systems and the design of classical control laws, from a continuous and numerical point of view, in order to understand the structure and performance of regulation loops in power plants. Understand the control objectives necessary to operate the power plant units in a secure way, in relation with the controller choice and their tuning.
Introduction – Generalities and basic concepts
Definitions – Fields of application – Historical data - Motivations - Classification: regulation and tracking - Structure of continuous and discrete time controlled systems – rejection and tracking dynamics – Block diagram of a feedback system.
Closed loop analysis
Notion and interest of feedback – Relations between open and closed loop – Closed loop stability: Nyquist criterion – Stability margins – Robustness and sensitivity functions – Relation between open loop frequency behavior and closed loop time domain behavior – Steady state error.
Regulation and P.I.D. controllers
Time domain features – Frequency domain features – Continuous time domain implementation: derivative action, anti wind-up mechanism...
Industrial regulation strategies
Cascaded control – Feed-forward actions – Control of delayed systems: Smith predictor – Conditioning of controllers
Numerical control
Sampler and zero-order hold devices – Continuous to discrete time transformations – Resulting algorithms and calculation time.

Sufficient background in applied mathematics (analysis, algebra, Laplace transform, frequency representation of systems, Bode diagram).

Gene F. Franklin; J. David Powell; Abbas Emami-Naeini. “Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems”, Sixth Edition, Prentice Hall. ISBN-10:0-13-601969-2.

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Lecture will be held at INSTN.

Objectives
Nuclear power plants or reactor components are analyzed and designed as complex three dimensional continuous media. The objective of the course is to introduce the basic notions of velocity fields, strains, stresses, equations of motion and constitutive laws which are used for this purpose. It will also serve as an introduction and a framework for the course on materials.

Content
Description of a continuous body
Conservation laws
The Cauchy stress tensor: Construction, Equations of motion
Strain and strain rate tensors
Constitutive laws: Elastic solids. Perfect fluids. Newtonian fluids
Boundary value problems in continuum mechanics.

Linear algebra, differential calculus.

A first course in continuum mechanics. Y.C. Fung. Prenctice Hall 1994. Cours de Mécanique des Milieux Continus. Patrick Le Tallec, Ecole Polytechnique.

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

There are two teachers for the module : one for each part of the module. The SE course lasts 13,5h. The IX one lasts 10,5h. The module has to start with the first nine hours of the SE part.

1. Solvent Extraction (SE):
To remind the operational variables used to optimize the extraction system.
- To underline the drawbacks associated with the single-stage operation and to highlight the features of the counter-current cascade.
- To introduce the chemical phenomenon having some influence on the extraction system.
- To justify the usual classification of the extraction systems. To write a global extraction reaction for each.
- To quantify the distribution ratio for each class in order to highlight the factors to be optimized by the operator. To describe the way each factor acts.
- To optimize the chemical and operating conditions to make the extraction selective.

2. Ion Exchange (IE):
Introduction to the Ion Exchange:
To introduce the fields of application of ion exchange and the main characteristics of anion exchangers.
To detailed the phenomena occurred between an ion exchanger and the aqueous solution: swelling, penetration of electrolytes, ion exchange equilibrium.
To present the optimization of separation efficiency both by controlling chemical and operating conditions.
To illustrate the main applications of ion exchange in the nuclear cycle.

Aqueous solution chemistry : Acid/base reactions, RedOx reactions, complexation reactions. Quantification of the effects of secondary reactions on the primary reaction. Variation of the solubility, RedOx potential according to the chemical conditions. Speciation and quantification. Chemical engineering of liquid-liquid extraction: distribution ratio, phases ratio, operating line, n-stage counter-current cascade, McCabe-Thiele schema, extraction-scrubbing-stripping steps.

-" Solvent Extraction: Principles and Practice" 2nd Edition, revised and expanded, 2004 Edited by Jan Rydberg, Michael Cox, Claude Musikas, Gregory R.Choppin. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, Basel - Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, D.H. Logsdail and A.L. Mills, Ellis Horwood Limited -Ion Exchange and Sorption Processes in Hydrometallurgy, M. Streat and D. Naden, John Wiley and Sons -Ion exchange, Friedrich Helfferich, Dover Publications Inc.

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE

Practical Works sessions will take place at IPN Orsay.

Objectives
To introduce the different analytical methods which take place in the nuclear industry and researchTo classify these methods considering their applications, detection limit, accuracy, repeatabilityFor each method : to describe the physic and chemistry involved in the measurementsTo introduce the industrial processes and environmental applications of these methods
Content
Overview of analytical methods for nuclear applications.
Comparison of analytical methods for nuclear applications
Radiometric methods (alpha and gamma spectrometry, liquid scintillation/beta spectroscopy)
Time Resolved Laser Spectrometry
Isotropic and elementary analysis, mass spectrometry analysis : application for actinide elements and fission products.

Notion of particle interaction with matter. Notion of nuclear physics.

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

ORSAY

Maloubier Mélody.

The course emphasizes the basic concepts of atomic and molecular spectroscopy. The aim is to understand how quantum mechanics can be used to understand atomic and molecular spectra.
Content:
•The basis of absorption and emission of radiation by molecular species, the wave properties of the light, the types of molecular motion and spectroscopy associated.
•Molecular symmetry and motion: Symmetry and symmetry operations, point groups, group theory, representations; analysis of molecular motions.
•Electronic transitions/selection rules
•Molecular spectra: Rotational- and vibrational resolved spectroscopy, electron spectra.
•Computer-assisted calculations and simulations
•Spectroscopy of d and f elements (introduction to 5f elements).

Bachelor in Chemistry.

Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril.

BURES-SUR-YVETTE