M2 Life Sciences and Health, International Track - Infectiology : Biology of Infectious Diseases - Cambodia

Vonthanak Saphonn, vonthanak@uhs.edu.kh, Sopheap Seng, sengsopheap@uhs.edu.kh.

The Course will be delivered by a combination of the following: • Interactive lectures • Skill labs • Students Individual Assignments.

This course is designed to provide key concepts in epidemiology of infectious diseases, public health and infectious diseases control. We will especially focus on human and zoonotic infectious diseases of global importance; nosocomial infection and food borne diseases. The course aims at providing students with the main concepts and tools necessary to conduct surveillance, epidemiological investigation of outbreak and epidemiological research.
1. Introduction to epidemiology
2. Dynamics of disease transmission
3. Epidemiology of infectious disease: general principles
4. Prevention and control of infectious diseases
5. Vaccines
6. Methods in infectious disease epidemiology:
• clinical studies
• Infectious disease dynamics and mathematical modelling
• Outbreak epidemiology
• Molecular epidemiology and infectious diseases
7. Applications:
• Emerging and New Infectious Diseases
• Healthcare-Associated Infections
• Epidemiology and Prevention, and control measure.

K.E. Nelson, C.M. Williams. Infectious Disease Epidemiology. Theory and Practice. 3rd Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2014. L. M. Lee et al ( editors). Principles and Practice of Public Health Surveillance. 3rtd Edition. Oxford Universiy Press. 2010. L. Gordis. Epidemiology. 5th Edition. Saunders. 2015. Nkuchia M. M’ikanatha et al (editors). Infectious Disease Surveillance. 2nd Edition. Willey-Blackwell, 2013. David L. Heymann. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 20th Edition. APHA Press, 2014. John E. Bennett, Raphael Dolin,? Martin J. Blaser. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's

Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

University of Health Sciences - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)

Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

University of Health Sciences - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)

Benoit Witkowski, bwitkowski@pasteur-kh.org.

The following methods will be used for teaching: • Academic courses and lectures face-to-face • Academic courses and lectures by visioconferences • Questions and Answers • Individual student article analysis and presentation • Individual student presentation of a research project.

This course is designed to give students knowledge and skills that will enable them to understand the concept of drug resistance of different pathogens to chemotherapeutic strategies. This course content will propose different thematic such like genetic, cell biology, clinic and pharmacology and will be oriented toward examples covering the main human pathogens such like bacteria, malaria parasites, fungus & viruses. In addition, this course aimed to not only provide knowledge but also to learn research strategies.
Topics :
-Introduction to chemo-resistance
-Antimalarial drug resistance
-Antibiotic resistance
-Antiviral resistance
-Antifungal resistance.

Anon, 2017. Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer. Springer Anon, 2017. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, Volume 1. Springer. Ullah, A., 2018. Multi Drug Resistance: A Global Concern. Bentham Science Publishers. Kristen K. Irwin, Nicholas Renzette, Timothy F. Kowalik, Jeffrey D. Jensen; Antiviral drug resistance as an adaptive process, Virus Evolution, Volume 2, Issue 1, 1 January 2016, vew014.

Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

University of Health Sciences - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)

The following methods will be used for teaching: - Academic courses and lectures face-to-face - Academic courses and lectures by visioconferences - Questions and Answers - Individual student article analysis and presentation.

This course is designed to give students knowledge and skills that will enable them to understand transmission of infectious diseases by arthropod vectors, and make recommendation for limiting or controlling the transmission. This course will provide the necessary bases on the role of vectors regarding vector-borne diseases and the different way to control (vector control)
Through examples, the student will learn how pathogens develop and are transmitted by vectors, and how to control this transmission.
The course will cover the following topics:
1. Concept and methods in medical entomology
2. Major groups of vectors
3. Vector competence and transmission mechanisms
4. Vector control.

Raymond et al. 1991 Worldwide migration of amplified insecticide resistance genes in mosquitoes Hemingway & Ranson 2000 Insecticide resitance in insect vectors of human disease Hemingway et al 2004 The molecular basis of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes Juliano et al. 2004 Field test for competitive effects of Ae. albopictus on Ae. aegypti in South Florida Lambrechts et al. 2006 Coevolutionary interactions between host and parasite genotypes Beier et al. 2008. Integrated vector management for malaria control Wise de Valdez 2011 Genetic elimination of dengue vector mosquitoes Killeen 2014

Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

University of Health Sciences - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)

The following methods will be used for teaching : - Academic courses and interactive lectures - Analysis of Scientific articles - Cases studies and practical in computer lab.

This bioinformatics advanced course is designed to give students knowledge and skills that will enable them to effectively manage and analyze NGS data both in the frame of metagenomics and/or differential gene expression analysis.
The following topics will be covered :
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
- Metagenomic analysis
- Differential gene expression analysis.

Students must have validated the Introduction to Bioinformatics teaching unit or a unit deemed equivalent by the teaching team.

Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

University of Health Sciences - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)

- course lessons/Lectures - brain storming (question and answers) - individual assignment/home work with A presentation.

This course is designed to ensure the students understand the specific biohazards associated with working environment, laboratory biosafety (Containment level 1, 2, 3 laboratories), laboratory good practices and waste management. It also includes the common principles of practical biobanking involved in biospecimen collection, conservation, storage, science and research. Students will know the rules that apply to Biospecimen in both nation and international and are able to improve the implementation of quality management complying with NFS 96 900 standard for bio-banking activities.
The course includes the following topics:
- Laboratory Safety Organization
- Containment Laboratories –Biosafety levels 1, 2, and 3
- Biological Safety Cabinets
- Laboratory biosecurity concepts and strategic
- Contingency plans and emergency procedures
- Disinfection and sterilization
- The transport of infectious substances
- Waste management
- Introduction and Principles in Biobanking and Governance
- Ethics, Privacy and Security
- Donor Informed consent and Material Transfer Agreement
- Biospecimen: collection, reception, processing, Storage, and distribution
- Quality management in biobanks.

Laboratory biosafety manual, Third edition, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004. Bio risk management, Laboratory biosecurity guidance, World Health Organization, 2006. S.Caskey et al, Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 945550. Safety and Health Service, Transport of biological material. Version 1.22 Current version: www.bris.ac.uk/safety/biosafety/#guidance. Kothroulas Ioannis, Fotios Drakopanagiotakis, Bouros Evangelos, Christo Nikolaidis. Fundamental principles of human biobank development. 2015: 97-102. SB. Somiari, RI

Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

University of Health Sciences - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)

The course is a combination of in class interactive lecture and practice. The main software used for this course are: Epi data and STATA. Students will be offered raw data and dataset to work on.

Data management is an applied course. The main objective of the course is to provide students with skills for performing data collection, data processing and data management.
The following topics will be covered:
- Case Report form development
- Database development
- Data entry
- Data cleaning/ management
- Data handling and storage.

Lawrence C. Hamilton, Statistics with STATA, 2006 Abdelmonem Afifi, Virginia A. Clark & Susanne May, Computer-Aided Multivariate Analysis, 2004.

Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

University of Health Sciences - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)

Acquisition of knowledge and an understanding of clinical trial concepts is obtained through a combination of: - Support documents, - MOOCs followed by discussion: for example, different phases of clinical trials, Data Management and CRF - lectures on technical components of the TU: randomization, sample size calculation, - seminars on the foundation of the declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice - literature studies: publications will be distributed for group reviewing and discussion Exercises on interpretation of design, data and results obtained during clinical trials (TD).

The course is to introduce the postgraduate students with key concepts on clinical trials.
Topics include:
- Definition of clinical trials
- Ethical foundations of clinical trials: Helsinki declaration and Good Clinical Practice
- Summary of clinical trial phases
- Equipoise and uncertainty
- Informed consent
- Main clinical trial designs and concepts
- Objectives and outcomes in clinical trials
- Efficacy/effectiveness and safety components of clinical trial
- Study population: inclusion and exclusion criteria
- Superiority, equivalence and noninferiority trials
- Control of random error and bias
- Sample size calculation and statistical power
- Randomization: concepts and procedures
- Treatment allocation
- Blinding and placebos
- Intention to Treat and Per Protocol populations
- The Case Record Form (CRF)
- Data management specificities in clinical trials
- Statistical considerations in clinical trials
- Trial protocols.

A Clinical Trials Manual From The Duke Clinical Research Institute: Lessons from a Horse Named Jim, Book by Kate Davis and Margaret A. Liu Clinical Trials, 2nd Edition: Study Design, Endpoints and Biomarkers, Drug Safety, and FDA and ICH Guidelines.

Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

University of Health Sciences - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)

The Teaching Unit is organized into two parts. At the beginning of the third semester of the master, the students will get in touch with their internship mentor to determine their fourth semester internship project. They will start the bibliographical study of the project and discuss once or twice with their Professor to help them identify potential pitfalls. This part may be conducted through video and email communication when the physical location of the internship is different from the site for teaching during third semester. At the end of the semester, they will present the bibliography of their project in a written report and will defend publically the actual project orally. All students of the M2 program will be expected to attend the oral presentations.

The M2 Scientific Project prepares for the 6 month M2 laboratory internship. It consists of a thoughtful work based on discussions and bibliographic researches conducted under the guidance of the internship supervisor. It represents an agreement between the student and the hosting laboratory defining the scope, the goal, the methods used and the limits of the scientific project.
It aims at clarifying the general scientific context and the state of knowledge gathered from available materials. It allows to highlight the scientific questions that will be addressed, the experimental models chosen and the workflow that will be conducted to answer the questions asked. The whole is synthesized in a written dissertation.

Octobre - Novembre - Décembre.

Laboratory skills and rigorous scientific thinking will be acquired and evaluated. During internship, teaching is under the responsability of the laboratory hosting the student for internship. An internal tutor will be identified, he/she will insure that the student acquires the practical methods required to perform his research project. In addition, the tutor will be responsible for the adequation of the written report and of the oral presentation with the standards of scientific research.

The second semester of the M2 is devoted to a 6-month internship in one of the associated laboratories. This is a key step of this Master 2 curriculum and the transition towards a potential research program developed further during a PhD. This internship represents the student's first long-term experience with laboratory research.
Beforehand, students selected for this Master 2 curriculum will choose a few laboratories among the list of associated laboratories proposing Master internship projects. After interview with the head of the laboratories (videoconference if necessary), the student and the researcher will reach an agreement on the project. The student will prepare his research project during the first semester (Teaching Unit: Scientific project).
A midterm evaluation (Oral presentation) will allow defining the progress of the project after the first three months. This presentation will not lead to grading since it is intended to help the student to adjust the project after his/her first experience in the laboratory.
The internship will be validated by
- a written thesis of about 30 pages, presenting the state of the art, the problematics of the internship, the methodology, the results and a discussion.
- an oral defense and question/discussion session in front of the M2 jury.

Strong motivation and solid scientific background will be the basis of the internship.

Décembre - Janvier - Février - Mars - Avril - Mai - Juin.

"France", "Abroad"