M1 Biomass Engineering for Bioeconomy

Benjamin Cancès Marie Ponthieu Xavier Morvan Maxime Gommeaux Gwenaëlle Lashermes.

Lectures: Soil formation Mineral and organic soil constituents Chemical and physical properties of soils : -Water in soils -Soil fertility Soil vulnerability in agroecosystems Practical class: Methods of soil analysis Case studies in agroecosystems Assessment: Session 1: Final written exam: /70 Written exam: /30 Session 2: Final written exam: /100.

Enhance the knowledge and skills on soil properties, soil functioning and soil vulnerability in agroecosystems.
Understanding of the role of soils in ecosystems; understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes in soils; assessment of possible threats to soils in agroecosystems.

General knowledge on geology and biology.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre - Janvier.

URCA Reims

Caroline Rémond, Emmanuelle Devarenne, Hervé Sartelet, Brigitte Chabbert.

Lectures Composition, structure and biosynthesis of main plant components : - Carbohydrates : starch, sucrose, cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins - Proteins - Lipids - Lignins Introduction to the biorefining: -Definition and challenges (environmental, economical, societal) -Bioenergies (bioethanol and biogazole 1G, 2G, 3G) -Biogas (methanisation) -Building blocks (Top 10, production) -Biopolymers from building blocks (examples : PLA, PET, PE , ...) -Biomaterials Tutorial class Based on articles studies and on practical examples : Practical class Extraction of lipids and production of biodiesel by transesterification Visit of the biorefinery site of Pomacle-Bazancourt Assessment: Session 1: Final written exam : /60 Oral presentation (tutorial courses) : /10 Technical report about practical courses: /30 Session 2: Final written exam : /80 Oral presentation : /5 Technical report about practical courses: /15.

Acquire the basic knowledge about plant components (biochemistry, properties, biosynthesis) and their further use in biorefining for various applications (bioenergy, building-blocks and materials)
Biochemistry and properties of plant components, general knowledge about biorefineries and bioeconomy, the state of biorefineries today : main processes and targeted products.

Biochemistry.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre - Janvier.

URCA Reims

Sandrine Bouquillon, Marie Charlotte Belhomme, Murielle Muzard.

Lectures Principles of green chemistry: E-factor, Atom economy, Synthesis auxiliaries, Catalysis, Clean activation processes (energy saving), Unusual media (water, ionic liquids, supercritical solvents, etc.), Biocatalysis. Access routes and valorization of platform molecules from renewable raw materials. Tutorial class Study of scientific publications and oral presentation of the main results of these publications. Work in groups.

Practical class Green reactions through microwaves activation or without solvent Assessment: Session 1: Final written exam : /60 Oral exam (tutorial courses): /40 Session 2: Final written exam : /100.

Acquire knowledge on green chemistry (fundamental principles and applications for biorefineries).
Acquire advanced knowledge on the potentiality of bio-based molecules for and from green chemistry.

General knowledge of organic and general chemistry. L3 Level.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre - Janvier.

URCA Reims

Sandra Domenek (AgroParisTech), Sandrine Bouquillon (URCA), Aurore Richel (ULiège), X (Aalto), Y (TalTech).

Different real case applications in this domain will be presented by an associated partner during the integration week. A group of 2-3 students will be formed. This group will work together during the first semester on the definition of the objectives, structure and boundaries of the project through exchanges with socio-economic bioeconomy actors, industrial actors and literature state of the art. The module consists in: •Introduction lecture on bioindustries, on demand concerning specific technological needs of a given green line project, Lecture on the legislative framework•Industrial conferences and visits on industrial sites related to the green line project•Interviews with different actors on the subject of the green line project•Tutored literature research and synthesis writing•Writing up of a literature report including state of the art based on academic literature, patents, overview of regulations, technological reports, economic reports. Assessment: written report by groups assessed by the corresponding supervisors.

The valorisation of renewable resources, i.e. biomass in the large sense, is on the base of the bioeconomy. Biomass constitutes a source of molecules, macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies which can be used in numerous applications of virtually every industrial domain, such as food and cosmetics industry, chemical, materials and textile industries, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine. For that, strategies of deconstruction of complex biological tissues need to be employed, using mechanical, chemical, enzymatic (biotechnological) methods. To give some examples, such methods can be employed to fabricate natural antioxidants, pigments, thickening agents, surfactants, lubricants, solvents, materials, composites. White biotechnology or green chemistry can be employed to re-assemble biobased building blocks to substances or assemblies of designed function, such as polymers, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, chemicals.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre - Janvier.

Reims

Sabine Gognies, Angélique Gainvors, Harivony Rakotoarivonina, Ludovic Besaury.

Lectures: Reminders: cells bacteria and yeast, basis of molecular biology. Transcriptional and Translational regulation in microorganisms. The prokaryotic immune system CRISPR-Cas;Methods used to produce recombinant proteins in microbial reactors. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of molecules of interest from the biomass, new biological systems for industrial applications. Tutorial. Studies of scientific articles linked to the lectures. Practical class: Construction of expression vectors by the Gateway cloning technology, or by replicative and integrative that can be used in S. cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris yeasts. - Transformations of bacteria and yeasts - Screening of recombinant organisms by selective medium and PCR. Synthesis of results in publication form. Assessment: Session 1: Final written exam : /50 Written exam (tutorial courses): /20 Technical report about practical courses: /20 Technical report : /10 Session 2: Final written exam : /80 Technical report about practical courses: /20.

Acquiring the knowledge to establish a large-scale development strategy for the recovery of molecules of interest derived from unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Knowledge and use of the "actors" of genetic engineering with a view to optimizing the production of molecules of interest.

Microbiology, molecular biology.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre - Janvier.

URCA Reims

Florence Fontaine Sylvain Cordelier Olivier Fernandez.

Lectures: Physiology of flowering process, pollination, fertilization, fruit and seed maturity. Impact of internal and external factors on reproduction. Developmental genetic in angiosperms at vegetative and reproductive level in relation to the physiology. Epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors involved in plant development regulation. Notions of hybridity and genetic analysis of progeny. Tutorial class: Role of phytohormones, light and temperature from initiation of flowers to fruit maturity and on seed growth. Role of genes involved in embryogenesis and plant development. Role and regulation of transcription factors involved in vegetative development. Use of developmental genes in assisted-marker selection. Practical class. Assessment S1: Final written exam /60 Written exam (tutorial courses)/20 Technical report about practical courses/20; S2: Oral/80 Technical report about practical courses/20.

Gain knowledge on plant reproduction from the flower and fruit development to the seed development and germination
Basis of plant development and plant reproduction genetics, their potential use in crop selection.
Get a comprehensive view of the gene function involved in the regulation of plant development and reproduction; analyse scientific papers relevant to plant physiology and developmental genetics; design and analyse an experiment.

Plant physiology, molecular genetic, plant biotechnology.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre - Janvier.

URCA Reims

Aziz Aziz Patricia Trotel Aziz Jérôme Crouzet.

Lectures Dynamic of plant-soil interactions, exploitation of the soil by the plant Interactions between plant and symbiotic soil microorganisms Rhizospheric processes, nutrition, transport and signaling Plant adaptation to soil stresses (metals, organic inputs, salt, nutrients …) Tutorial and practical classes Illustration of lectures by practical classes Preparation and presentation of scientific projects related to topics addressed in courses with the goal of learning to develop scientific reasoning and to link new information with the acquired knowledges Assessment: Session 1:Final written exam : /50 Oral about a project: /25 Technical report about practical courses: /25 Session 2: Final written exam : /75 Technical report about practical courses: /25.

Acquire knowledges about plant-soil interactions for a sustainable agriculture.
Knowledge of different soil components involved in crop production
Understand and evaluate the impact of different soil factors on plant production at the agrosystem scale.
Analyze and provide solutions to preserve and improve the quality of the agrosystem.

Plant physiology, microbiology, agronomy.

Septembre - Octobre - Novembre - Décembre - Janvier.

URCA Reims

Arnaud Haudrechy, Sandrine Bouquillon, Marie-Charlotte Belhomme, Caroline Rémond, Harivony Rakotoarivonina, Julien Lemaire.

Strengthening in chemistry Lectures: General chemistry: chemical bonds, electronic effects, thermodynamics (state changes, mixtures), chemical balances, oxydo-reduction, acido-basicity. Organic chemistry: nomenclature, chirality, general functions and reactions. Tutorial class. Practical exercises / analysis of scientific basic articles in chemistry or Strengthening in biology Lectures Plant biochemistry (composition and structure of plant components) Microbiology (eukaryotes/prokaryotes, microbial metabolism, molecular biology (genom and proteins expression). Enzymology Tutorial class Practical exercises / analysis of scientific basic articles related to items developed in lectures Strengthening in process engineering Lectures:Mass and energy balances, Reactors and flows Concept of unique operation.Notion of transfert, kinetic and equilibrium Tutorial class. Mass and energy balance in biorefineries. Pre-sizing bioreactors Assessment:Session 1:Written exam/100. Session 2: Written exam/50 Oral exam/50.

This teaching is essentially addressed to biologists and has for objective to give them basic knowledge in chemistry or biology and in process engineering, in close relation to the biorefinery.

At the beginning of the semester 1 of the master (2 first weeks).

Septembre.

URCA Reims

To be defined – depending on the project themes.

A group of 2-3 students, formed during the first stage of the green line project in S1, will investigate a specific technological question and use basic economic and environmental evaluation tools for a preliminary test of feasibility of the concept. The module consists in: •Lecture on project management tools •Lectures on intellectual property and patent research •Lectures on demand concerning specific technological needs of a given green line project •Industrial conferences and visits on industrial sites related to the green line project.

The valorisation of renewable resources, i.e. biomass in the large sense, is on the base of the bioeconomy. Biomass constitutes a source of molecules, macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies which can be used in numerous applications of virtually every industrial domain, such as food and cosmetics industry, chemicals, materials and textile industries, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine. For that, strategies of deconstruction of complex biological tissues need to be employed, using mechanical, chemical, enzymatic (biotechnological) methods. To give some examples, such methods can be employed to fabricate natural antioxidants, pigments, thickening agents, surfactants, lubricants, solvents, materials, composites. White biotechnology or green chemistry can be employed to re-assemble biobased building blocks to substances or assemblies of designed function, such as polymers, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, chemicals.
The green line projects concern real case applications in this domain, such as the development of deconstruction strategies of a given plant for the fabrication of functional polysaccharides, the design of a biorefinery of microalgae, the valorisation of agricultural by-products in the cosmetics industry, to name but a few.

Avril - Mai.

Tallinn (Estonie)

AgroParisTech : Benoit Gabrielle, Chantal Loyce, Nicolas Guilpart, Thierry Bonaudo, Solène Pissonnier, University of Technology of Troyes : Sabrina Brullot, Pauline Marty University of Paris : Petros Chatzimpiros.

Lectures on biomass resources production (definition, quantification and characterization); on required fluxes for biomass production (energy, nutrient, water, …) and on the actors networks Practical work i) on building conceptual and mathematical models on biomass production ii) on using existing tools regarding biomass quantification and impact assessment On field trip in the Western part of France Tutored collective work on a case study of biomass production Assessment:Individual written exam on the lectures content (25% of the grade) Individual short report on the on field trip (10% of the grade) Collective (maximum of 3 students) work (10 pages report) and oral presentation (30 minutes) on a biomass production issue (65% of the grade).

Biomass resources are produced from recent photosynthesis as plant or animal outputs. This module will aim at describing the complex agricultural systems leading to biomass production within territories. It should give some insights regarding the biological processes interacting with the driving stakeholders leading to material and immaterial fluxes. Territorial ecology will be defined and used as the encompassing conceptual framework.

Bachelor in life sciences.

Février - Mars.

Février - Mars - Avril - Mai - Juin - Juillet.

Stéphanie Baumberger, Benoit Gabrielle, Hermann Höfte (INRA, IJPB).

Lectures: •Introduction (1,5h) •From paper industry to lignocellulose biorefinery: towards a multicriteria approach of quality (3h) •Energetic crops and biomass (3h) •Lignocelluloses and fibers (1,5h) Visits: •R&D centers (IFPEN Biotechnologies division, FRD center) (6h) •Production unit (Greenfield paper recycling unit) (3h) •Research laboratory (INRA unit in plant sciences) (3h) Assesment: Individual synthetic report on the visits, including the comparison of the different structures and their research and innovation approaches.

Lignocelluloses biochemical and agronomic specifities are at the origin of their diversified non-food uses. They are a biomass of choice for the production of energy and materials according to the climate-energy strategies. Understanding their specificities and the different levers of their quality is necessary to unlock bottlenecks hindering some uses.
In this context, the aims of this module are:
•Present the main value chains relative to the use of lignocelluloses and the associated R&D activities (energy, materials, chemistry)
•Integrate the agronomic, biochemical and technological aspects in relation to lignocellulose biorefineries
•Identify the current bottlenecks limiting the development of some transformation routes
•Analyse the stakes of using lignocelluloses as raw material, with or without any fractionation.

Knowledge in biochemistry.

FitzPatrick et al. (2010) A biorefinery processing perspective: Treatment of lignocellulosic materials for the production of value-added products. Biores Technol, 101, 1915-1922; Hongzhang (2015) Lignocellulose biorefinery engineering, 1st Edition, Elsevier; De Bowhmick et al. (2018) Lignocellulosic biorefinery as a model for sustainable development of biofuels and value added products. Biores Technol, 1144-1154.

Février.

Gilbert GIACOMONI ; Edouard THISSE.

Decision Aiding: an introduction to Decision-Making theories and applications (strategy, scientific tools, knowledge and human behaviour). Operation Research: modelling and problem solving (basics, role, scope, models and applications such as ‘transportation problem’ or ‘assignment problem’, ‘dynamic programming’, ‘network models’ or ‘queuing models’). Introduction to Sciences for Innovation: theories, methods and applications especially for designing new business models. Assessment:Coaching exercices and group work.

•In a digital age, Facing up the complexity of science-based decision-making, in an organization that is adapting its internal environment to its external environment.
•Understanding the process of innovation (leading from a new idea, a new object, a new tool or a new behavior to its widespread acceptation and application) and the ability to develop a new business model.
•Group-work aptitude.

•Nakhla M. et Moisdon J.-C., (2010), Recherche opérationnelle. méthodes d'optimisation en gestion. Presse Des Mines. •Natarajan A. M., (2014), Operations Research, 2nd Edition, Pearson India. •Tsoukias A., (2003), From Decision Theory to Decision aiding Methodology, LAMSADE. •Giacomoni G., (2019), ”Introduction to Sciences for Innovation”, (HAL course online). •Giacomoni G., (2018), Constructing New Representations and the Implications for Decision Making Theory: Learning from Archimedes, European Management Review, 16(1). •Osterwalder A. et Pigneur Y., (2010), Business Model Generation: A

Février.

Julien Wolfersberger, Jean-Christophe Bureau, Antonello Lobianco, Caroline Orset, Joël Priolon.

The teaching unit is composed with the following modules: • Fundamentals of Microeconomic Analysis: The Basics of Consumer and Producer Theory; • Bio-economy: economics of biomass, bioenzymes, bioplastics and bioenergy • Economic calculus: notions of discount rate and temporal preferences; • Optimal use of renewable resources: study of fisheries and forest management problems; • Economics of risk and innovation: risk and climate change, development of so-called green innovations; • Growth and the environment: lifestyles and future prospects around economic growth in the context of global warming;.

This EU aims at acquiring economic tools to address issues related to environmental, ecological and climatic issues.

Basic notions of mathematics.

Perman, R., Ma, Y., McGilvray, J., & Common, M. (2003). Natural resource and environmental economics. Pearson Education. Varian, H. R. (2015). Introduction à la microéconomie moderne. De Boeck Supérieur.

Février.

Lectures on the principles of environmental management at product, value-chain, organization or territorial level; introduction to several methodological frameworks: ecosystem services, life-cycle assessment, territorial metabolism and industrial ecology. Application to the bio-economy and the various stages of products’ life-cycles.

Group work on cases proposed by the teaching staff (examples related to processes or topic covered in the other courses: lignocellulose production with dedicated crops, 2G ethanol in Europe, lignin valorisation, micro-algae production and wastewater treatment, ...) Assessment: Report and oral defence of group work on the assessment of a bio-based project.

The course aims at raising students' awareness of complementary approaches applicable to the management of ecosystems and of bio-based value-chains in general: the ecosystem services framework, and metabolism and life-cycle approaches. Course attendants will get to grips with the principles of these approaches, gain insight from their application to agricultural systems and bio-based value-chains, and gain practical know-how on how to apply them hands-on to different case-studies.
They will become familiar with environmental management, the ISO 14 000 standards and the principles of their implementation in various decision-making contexts to improve the environmental performance of production systems or organizations.
The course will equip students with the tools and methods currently used in this process for the environmental assessment of products and services, and their eco-design. Life-cycle assessment, whose use is currently spreading in all economic sectors for purposes of eco-design, consumer information or policy design, will occupy a central place in the pedagogy.

Basic knowledge of bio-economy processes (feedstock production, conversion pathways for biomaterials, bioenergy or bio-molecules purposes).

Mars.

Sandra Domenek, Claire Saulou, Marwen Moussa and others depending on the subjects.

A group of 2-3 students, formed during the first stage of the green line project in S1, will investigate a specific technological question and use basic economic and environmental evaluation tools for a preliminary test of feasibility of the concept. The module consists in: •Lecture on project management tools •Lectures on intellectual property and patent research•Lectures on demand concerning specific technological needs of a given green line project•Industrial conferences and visits on industrial sites related to the green line project Assessment: Project presentation and report by groups assessed by the corresponding supervisors and the module coordinators.

The valorisation of renewable resources, i.e. biomass in the large sense, is on the base of the bioeconomy. Biomass constitutes a source of molecules, macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies which can be used in numerous applications of virtually every industrial domain, such as food and cosmetics industry, chemicals, materials and textile industries, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine. For that, strategies of deconstruction of complex biological tissues need to be employed, using mechanical, chemical, enzymatic (biotechnological) methods. To give some examples, such methods can be employed to fabricate natural antioxidants, pigments, thickening agents, surfactants, lubricants, solvents, materials, composites. White biotechnology or green chemistry can be employed to re-assemble biobased building blocks to substances or assemblies of designed function, such as polymers, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, chemicals.
The green line projects concern real case applications in this domain, such as the development of deconstruction strategies of a given plant for the fabrication of functional polysaccharides, the design of a biorefinery of microalgae, the valorisation of agricultural by-products in the cosmetics industry, to name but a few.

Avril - Mai.