[{"command":"insert","method":null,"selector":".course-modal-ajax-placeholder-952487","data":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022container content-rte\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022row\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022box col-md-6 bg-primary text-white\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Ch2 class=\u0022h1 text-left\u0022\u003E  Chemistry of Nuclear Materials\n\u003C\/h2\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003EECTS :\n          4\n        \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003ESemestre calendaire :\n          Semestre 1\n        \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003ED\u00e9tail du volume horaire\u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                          \u003Cspan class=\u0022field__label h4 mt-5 \u0022\u003ECours magistraux :\u003C\/span\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003E15\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                          \u003Cspan class=\u0022field__label h4 mt-5 \u0022\u003ETravaux pratiques :\u003C\/span\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003E12\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                          \u003Cspan class=\u0022field__label h4 mt-5 \u0022\u003ETravaux dirig\u00e9s :\u003C\/span\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003E9\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                                                            \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003ELangue d\u0026#039;enseignement\u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003EAnglais\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003EEnseignement \u00e0 distance\u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003Enon\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022box col-md-6\u0022\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003EPr\u00e9requis\u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBachelor level in solid state chemistry, fundamentals in physics: classical mechanics, electromagnetism.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003EProgramme \/ plan \/ contenus\u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe course of Chemistry of Materials addresses inorganic materials from a structure versus property treatment, with a peculiar emphasis put on relevant materials for nuclear applications both during and after in-reactor operations. Nuclear materials encompass virtually all classes of materials \u2013 metals, ceramics, glasses \u2013 that are used as structural materials, fuels, transmutation matrices, as well as immobilization matrices. Nuclear materials exhibit the fascinating feature of their radiation tolerance far from any thermodynamically stable condition. The topic is tacked from the Chemist\u2019s viewpoint. Lectures are organised in four main chapters, which concentrate in structures and bonding in solids, on the interplay between crystal and electronic structure in determining their properties. Imperfection in solids plays a considerable role in nuclear materials. Finally, the exciting field of radiation-induced defects and processes by which solids tolerate a large amount of structural disorder whilst preserving their crystalline structure is discussed. This course also includes labworks at the MOSAIC accelerator facility at IJCLab, Orsay campus.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EContent\u003Cbr\u003E\n1 \u2013 Solid state chemistry\u003Cbr\u003E\nAtomic bonding in solids: bands formed from overlapping of atomic orbitals; primary interatomic bonding; secondary atomic bonding; classification of solids (ionic, covalent, metallic, molecular): Arkel-Ketelaar triangle.\u003Cbr\u003E\nStructure of crystalline solids: fundamentals (crystalline and amorphous states); lattice, unit cell, basis, type of lattice, crystal systems, Bravais lattice, planes and directions; description of crystal structures (ccp, hcp, bcc): close packing of spheres, interstices in closed-packed and bcc structures.\u003Cbr\u003E\nStructure of metals and alloys: closed-packed and non-closed packed structures; polymorphism (examples, evolution versus T and p); alloys (substitution and interstitial solid solutions), classical examples (brass, bronze, steels); substitution and interstitial solid solutions of non-metals; intermetallic compounds; phase diagrams of binary systems: the iron-carbon system.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStructure of ionic, iono-covalent and covalent ceramics: formation principles (close packing of anions, cations occupy interstices); compounds based on ccp and hcp lattice networks. Other important structures; rationalization of structures. Energetics.\u003Cbr\u003E\nThe amorphous state: glasses.\u003Cbr\u003E\nApplication to nuclear materials: fuels (uranium oxides), structural materials (steels), cladding materials (Zr alloys), transmutation and immobilization matrices, nuclear glasses, ceramics for Generation 4.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E2 \u2013 Defect and non-stoichiometry\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOrigin of defects: perfect and imperfect crystals; point defects; defects aggregates; extended defects: dislocation, grain, boundaries, twin boundaries, stacking faults, volume defects (precipitates, bubbles).\u003Cbr\u003E\nThermodynamics of point defects: concentration of intrinsic defects; defect equilibriums; application to stoichiometric oxides.\u003Cbr\u003E\nNon-stoichiometric compounds: definition and features; typical extent of non-stoichiometry in hydrides, oxides, sulphides; solid solutions; defect equilibriums in non-stoichiometric oxides.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E3 \u2013 Diffusion processes\u003Cbr\u003E\nDiffusion kinetics; diffusion mechanisms (vacancy, interstitial, exchange)\u003Cbr\u003E\nDiffusion at the atomic scale: self-diffusion; random diffusion of vacancies; diffusion of vacancies submitted to a force; velocity drift and force: Einstein formula; interdiffusion (vacancy and interstitial mechanisms). Factors that influence diffusion, examples of diffusion in metals and ceramics.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E4 \u2013 Irradiation: radiation-induced defects and radiation stability\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIrradiation sources in nuclear materials: charged and uncharged particles. Basic mechanisms of defect creation under irradiation: atomic collisions and electronic generation processes. Specificity of ions, electrons and neutrons. Atomic collisions: displacement threshold, Frenkel pairs, collision cascades, Kinchin and Pease model, number of dpa (displacements per atom). Electronic processes: electronic defects, ion track formation. Defects generation and recovery: effect of temperature. Synergy between atomic and electronic processes. Use of computer codes: SRIM and Irradina.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELabwork: Experimental simulation of the radiation tolerance of a ceramic-type material at the MOSAIC facility, IJCLab, Orsay Campus. Design of the irradiation experiment, characterization of irradiated crystals (IBA techniques); data reduction and analysis; use of computer code to model the radiation-induced damage in crystals.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003EObjectifs d\u0026#039;apprentissage\u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKnow how to define a nuclear material (material for nuclear applications).Know the main stages of the nuclear fuel cycle.Know the classes of materials, their main properties, and be able to describe the main typical structures at the atomic scale (metals, alloys, iono-covalent solids).Know the main materials used in the French nuclear power cycle and the physical and chemical stresses to which they are subjected. Define the selection criteria and analyse them in terms of solid behaviour, in relation to the classes of materials and their stresses.Analyse, based on the role of the material and the physical and chemical stresses, and propose a choice of material for use in new-generation reactors or innovative scenarios for fuel transmutation or reprocessing (transmutation matrices, specific matrices for waste storage and disposal).Understand the main point and extended defects in materials. Be able to describe diffusion mechanisms at the atomic scale. Analyse potential changes when solids are subjected to irradiation.Identify the sources of radiation to which nuclear materials are subjected; understand their main characteristics and origins.Analyse the mechanisms by which charged and neutral projectiles deposit their energy in solids. Be able to describe models of damage to solids by atomic and electronic displacement processes.Design an experimental simulation representative of a material subjected to a radiative environment using accelerated ion beams.Design a simulation of a material subjected to a radiative environment using the SRIM numerical simulation code. Define the choices of the different input parameters for the code.Know how to use the SRIM simulation code in a practical way. Know the physical principles underlying the simulations and their limitations. Know how to interpret the results in terms of mechanisms at the atomic scale and the potential damage to an irradiated material.Be able to write a summary report in English on the analysis of a complex situation involving a solid subjected to different sources of irradiation and its modelling within the framework of an experimental or numerical approach.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003EOrganisation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et modalit\u00e9s p\u00e9dagogiques\u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENine sessions are dedicated to lectures and problems. Practical labwork is performed at IJCLab, Orsay Campus, at the MOSAIC ion-accelerator facility. A total of three sessions (9H) are devoted to the data collection at the accelerator facility (3H) and data reduction and analysis (6H) using dedicated simulation codes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003EBibliographie\u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBradley D. Fahlman, Materials Chemistry, Springer (2011)\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EComprehensive Nuclear Materials, Rudy Koenings (Editor), Elsevier (2012)\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENuclear Materials under Irradiation, Serge Bouffard and Nathalie Moncoffre (Editors), ISTE, Wiley (2023)\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field-spacing\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field__label h3 dash\u0022\u003ENature de l\u0026#039;\u00e9valuation\u003C\/div\u003E\n                        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022mt-5 text-justify\u0022\u003E\n                                      \u003Cspan\u003EEvaluation Continue non Int\u00e9grale\u003C\/span\u003E\n                      \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","settings":null}]